1.system configuration-disks

 

    partion layout and sizes

 

partition   size

            Minimum     Maximum

 

swap        RAM / 8     2 * RAM

 

/           256MB       512MB

 

/tmp        128MB       512MB

 

/var        128MB       1GB + RAM

 

/usr        1536MB      1.5GB++

 

 

内存 占用

vim /etc/rc.conf

tmpmfs="YES"

tmpsize="128m"

 

Swap

 

# swapinfo -h

 

#pstat -T

 

Adding More Swap space

 

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap0 bs=1024k count=256

# chown root:wheel /swap0

# chmod 0600 /swap0

#ls -l /swap0

 

-rw------ 1 root wheel 268435456 Apr 5 03:12 /swap0

 

vim /etc/rc.conf

swapfile="/swap0"

 

to make the new swap file active immediately

 

#mdconfig -l

    md0

 

#mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /swap0

    md1

#mdconfig -l -u 1

    md1 vnode 256M /swap0

 

# swapon /dev/md1

 

#swapinfo -h

 

swap encryption

  

 add .eli or .bde to the device name in the /etc/fstab

 

 

softupdates

 

# mount

 

# tunefs -n enable /

 

 

snapshots

 

# mksnap_ffs /var /var/snap1

 

# mount -u -o snapshot /var/snap1 /var

 

# fsck_ffs /var/snap1

 

# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /var/snap1

 

# mount -r /dev/md2 /mnt

 

# mount

 

# umount /mnt

 

# mdconfig -d -u 2

 

# rm -f /var/snap1

 

 

Quotas

 

you should reconfig kernel and add the follow kernel config file

 option QUOTA

 

# vim /etc/rc.conf

    enable_quotas="YES"

 

# cat /etc/fstab

    /dev/ads1f   /usr/  ufs rw,usequota,groupquota 2 2

# quotacheck -a

    quotacheck: creating quota file //quota.user

 

# quotacheck -v

 

Assigning Quotas

 

hard limit

# edquota jdoe

 

soft limit

# edquota -t0

 

 

 

Dump and Restore

 

# dump -oauL -f /usr/dump1 /dev/ad0sla

 

# dump -lauL -f /usr/dump2 /dev/ad0sla

 

updates /etc/dumpdates with new backup dates

 

# cat /etc/dumpdates

 

# dump -oauL -f /dev/adosla | bzip2 | ssh admin@bkserver dd of=/usr/backup/server1.dump

 

 

A typical restore procedure would look like the following command lines;

 

# newfs /dev/da0sla

# mount /dev/da0sla /mnt

# cd /mnt

# restore -r -f /usr/dump1

 

# restore -i -f /usr/dump1

 

 

The tar cpio and pax Utilities

 

# tar cvf  backup.tar backup/

 

To update a barball , U flag is used;

 

# tar uvf backup.tar backup/

 

And x flag to extract the files from a tarball;

 

# tar xvf backup.tar

 

The -w flag used to create archive;

 

# pax -w -f backup.pax backup/

 

And -r to extract( or read ) the archive to currect directory;

 

# pax -r -f backup.pax

 

 

RAID0 -- Striping

 

#kldload geom_stripe

 

 This can also be done through the /boot/loader.conf file, to automatically  load the module during system boot up, by andding this line;

    geom_stripe_load="YES"

 

# gstripe create stripe1 /dev/da1 /dev/da2

# newfs /dev/stripe/stripe1

 

# mount /dev/stripe/stripe1 /mnt

 

# gstripe label stripe1 /dev/da1 /dev/da2

 

# gstripe stop stripe1

 

RAID1 -- Mirroring

 

# gmirror label -b round-robin mirror1 da0 da1

 

# newfs /dev/mirror/mirror1

 

# mount /dev/mirror/mirror1 /mnt

 

# gmirror insert mirror1 da2

# gmirror remove mirror1 da1

 

 

# gmirror configure -b load mirror1

 

 

# gconcat label concat1 da0 da1 da2

 

# newfs /dev/concat/concat1

# mount /dev/concat/concat1 /mnt

 

 

# gconcat lable concat1 da3 da4

# growfs /dev/concat/concat1